Questions
- Winning of ‘hearts and minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in winning the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir. (10)
- The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by our adversaries across the border to ferry arms/ammunition, drugs etc is a serious threat to internal security. Comment on the measures taken to tackle this threat. (10)
Model Solutions
1. Winning of ‘hearts and minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in winning the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.(10)
Model Structure
Introduction
- Winning of ‘hearts and minds’ in terrorism affected areas is in line with the idea of Insaniyat (Humanism), Jamhuriyat(Democracy) and Kashmiriyat (Kashmir's age old legacy of amity) given by former PM of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
OR - Strategy of winning "hearts and minds" in terrorism-affected is important to earn trust and support of the local population by engaging with communities, addressing grievances, and fostering positive relationships.
Main Body
Winning of ‘hearts and minds’ is a strategy in which social influence and persuasion is used by leaders with popular following. It is in line with the social contract theory and the fact that people are active participants in governance.
The measures taken by the government for winning of ‘hearts and minds’ as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir include-
- Project Sadhbhavana for helping the youth shape their dream.
- PM’s development package for creating employment and better infrastructure.
- Project Himayat for training and employment of youth.
- Project Umeed for women.
- Infrastructure like AIIMS, IIT, Jawahar tunnel and Chenab bridge.
- New rail links.
- Khelo India centers. Its success is seen in Kashmiri footballer Majid Khan leaving LeT for a better future..
Conclusion
- To ensure this strategy is successful, there is a need for sustained efforts, community engagement, socio-economic development, and addressing grievances, underpinned by a commitment to long-term security and peace-building initiatives.
OR - India underlines the importance of ‘Vasudev Kutumbakam’ and its ideals outlined in the constitution direct us to ensure any conflict prone area is improved by use of ‘soft power’ and not by the use of force and coercion.
2. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by our adversaries across the border to ferry arms/ammunition, drugs etc is a serious threat to internal security. Comment on the measures taken to tackle this threat.(10)
Model Structure
Introduction
- An unmanned aerial vehicle is a pilotless aircraft, also called a drone, and is remotely controlled by a human pilot with applications like surveillance, mapping, forecasting, delivery of goods etc.
OR - An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without any human pilot which is recently being misused by adversaries for trafficking of drugs, arms, ammunition etc.
Main Body
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by adversaries to traffick arms and drugs is a threat to internal security in many ways like-
- They can avoid traditional detection methods due to their stealth.
- Cross-Border operations.
- Precise delivery reduces the risk of interception.
- Reduced risk to adversaries.
- Difficult surveillance.
- Undermining security
Measures taken to tackle this threat include-
- Soft kill i.e blocking communication lines and hard kill i.e bringing down the drone by use of Counter-unmanned aircraft systems technology. E.g. DURGA II.
- International collaboration like iCET between India and the US.
- D4S anti-drone system based on Drone Detect, Deter and Destroy system by DRDO.
- Anti Rogue Drone Technology Committee to evaluate the drone technology available.
- New Drone Policy and Rules.
- Community engagement in border areas who can inform about any such drone activities.
Conclusion
- To ensure the threats are addressed, there is a need for a single comprehensive Anti- drone strategy and avoiding a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach as in the case of swarm drones.
OR - Safeguarding internal security requires a proactive stance against use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles which involves technology, regulations, international collaboration, and intelligence sharing.
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