Questions
- Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislature in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices. (10)
- The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy. (10)
Model Solutions
1. Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislature in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.(10)
Model structure
Introduction
Constitutional articles:
- Article 178: The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
- Article 182: The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
Contextual - Role of presiding officer in- Maharashtra party split and question of MLAs disqualification
Main Body
Role of Presiding Officers in maintaining order and impartiality
- Maintains order and decorum in the assembly for conducting its business and regulating its proceedings
- Final interpreter of the provisions of
- Constitutions of india
- Rules of procedure and conduct of business of assembly
- Legislative precedent
- Can allow secret sitting
- Decided whether a bill is money bill or not
- Disqualification of members on the ground of defection under 10th schedule
- Casting vote in case of tie
- Appoints chairman of all the committees of the assembly and supervises their functions
Role of Presiding Officers in facilitating best democratic practices
- Adjourns/suspends the meeting in the absence of quorum
- Protection of privileges and rights of the members
- Fair distribution of time among various political parties
- Facilitate debates and discussions on matters of public importance
- Presiding officer is expected to be Non-Partisanship and provide equal opportunities
Criticisms
- Partisan role
- Delayed decisions making for disqualifications
- Misuse of money bill route to pass some bills
Conclusion
- With some judgements for eg; Keisham Meghachandra Singh vs. the Hon’ble Speaker Manipur Legislative Assembly & Ors. (2020)
OR - Suggestion- for eg: Britain- the presiding officer is strictly a non-party person.
2. The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy.(10)
Model structure
Introduction
- Explain HRD- For eg: Education, Skill development, Healthcare
- Context: Demographic Dividend
- Data:
- All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report- Enrollment in higher education is 4.14 crore
- Expenditure on Education- 2.9% of GDP, Health- 2.1% of GDP
Main Body:
Reasons for inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development:
- Limited investment
- Lack of Infrastructure & skilled workforce
- More focus on eradicating Hunger and Poverty
- Lack of political will as HRD gestation period is longer
Measures
- Increased investment in education and health
- National Education Policy 2020 to provide employable skills
- Teacher Training
- Skill development programmes for eg: PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP)
- Affordable and Accessible health care for eg: PM JAY
- Gender equity and social inclusion
- Role of SHGs & Civil society for examples
- Promote Public Private Partnerships
- Collaborate with international organisations and adopt best practices
- Promote Research and Development
- Robust mechanism for progress monitoring for eg: ASER report by Pratham
Conclusion
- Data showing positive trends for eg: increased enrolment of Vulnerable section
OR - Need to focus on HRD as India will have 986 million people of working age in 2030.(Demographic dividend)
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