Questions
Q1. (a) Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision making. Discuss (10)
(b) Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development. Discuss. (10)
Model Solutions
Q1. (a) Is conscience a more reliable guide when compared to laws, rules and regulations in the context of ethical decision making. Discuss (10)
Model Structure
Introduction
- Conscience guides actions and choices, and ensures adherence to principles of integrity, accountability and public good. It is a moral anchor, crucial for upholding ethical standards in public service.
Or - The role of conscience in ethical decision-making is pivotal, serving as the inner moral compass that guides individuals to distinguish right from wrong, make principled choices, and uphold values and virtues.
Main Body
Conscience is an important guide for ethical decision making in many ways. Some of them are-
- It helps us face complex ethical dilemmas. Russian tennis player Andrey Rublev raised his voice against the Russian government’s role in the Ukraine crisis.
- Prevent conflicts of interest. Justice Kurian Joseph was guided by his conscience when he recused himself from hearing the Italian marines case.
- Helps make morally courageous choices even if they are anti establishment. Many journalists decided to quit their channels because they were forced to do impartial reporting.
- It is affected by our values and beliefs and a person with strong values will have a strong conscience.
- Conscience helps us stay firm even when facing external pressures.
But there are times when laws, rules and regulations are also important as they supplement conscience and bring in objectivity while making ethical decisions. It is seen in cases like-
- Prevents corruption. For eg- The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
- Upholding of Fundamental Rights and natural rights which overlap with them. For eg- Right to Education Act.
- Environment protection and the laws related to it.
- Helps prevent discrimination and ensure equal treatment of all sections. For eg- the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013.
- Laws on healthcare ensure ethical medical practices.
- Laws related to corporate governance.
Conclusion
- Thus , the role of conscience in ethical decision-making is indispensable as seen in whistleblowers exposing corruption or officials making decisions that prioritize public welfare over personal gain.
- It can be said that conscience, laws and rules collectively shape a balanced framework where conscience offers a moral compass, laws provide a legal foundation, and rules offer practical guidance for a principled conduct.
(b) Probity is essential for an effective system of governance and socio-economic development. Discuss (10)
Model Structure
Introduction
- Probity involves honesty, integrity, and ethical behavior, which is an indispensable cornerstone for effective governance and sustainable socio-economic development because it ensures transparency and accountability within institutions.
Main Body
Probity is essential for effective system of governance and socio-economic development because it-
- Ensures a credible and legitimate government.
- Ensures that government actions are transparent and open to public scrutiny which reduce potential for corruption.
- Better checks and balances to prevent misuse of power. For eg- CAG report on 2G scam, Vyapam scam etc led to action against officials.
- Fosters competition by ensuring a level playing field as seen in the judgments of the Competition Commission of India. For eg- action against Google for play store rules violation.
- Better targeting of beneficiaries and resource allocation. Use of JAM trinity for distribution of resources.
- Upholds rule of law.
- Optimum use of public resources which prevents corruption, wastage and mismanagement.
- Inclusive development in various schemes related to the marginalized communities.
Conclusion
- Improving probity in governance and socio-economic development requires commitment to ethical principles, transparency, and accountability which paves the way for sustainable progress and societal well-being.
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