Questions
- Online Education, though functional for the education revolution, has many social dysfunctionalities. (10 Marks)
- Discuss the social consequences of the green revolution, and the social changes brought around by it in the rural social structure. (20 Marks)
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Model Structures
Q1. Online Education, though functional for the education revolution, has many social dysfunctionalities. (10 Marks)
Introduction
- Define Online Education
- Also mention how the concept emerged amidst Covid19
Main Body
Functions:
- Women empowerment (through digitized instrumentation, they can get the opportunity)
- Breakdown of gender stereotypes ( bcz technology is gender neutral)
- Balance inequalities between age groups.
- Socialization is intact even amidst COVID-19 dysfunctions:
- Digital divide (with the existing digital divide expanding online education will push the digital have-nots to the periphery of the education system + development of divided society) Conflict perspective: this type of inequality leads to learning disparities that reinforce social inequality
- Mechanization of digital dependence( increasing digital adoption)
- Widening the gender gap (Internet and Mobile Association of India Report 2019 finds 67% of men had access to the Internet while women's Internet access rate is 33%)
- New class of information elite (expansion of technology will create new class of elite which will be unreachable to the information poor)
- It is more likely to produce social isolation than connectivity (unable to produce legitimate social bonding)
- The emergence of a new society (virtual community: who are " together through isolation + new kind of social habitation)
- Changes in family functions (in nuclear families, parents might have to miss work to take care of their children)
- Financial backwardness of the students (large marginalized section of the society still can't afford digital equipments)
- Internet exposure puts children at the risk of "online sexual exploitation and grooming
- Lack of social interactions and focus deficit (among the peer groups and teacher)
Q2. Discuss the social consequences of the green revolution, and the social changes brought around by it in the rural social structure. (20 Marks)
Introduction
- The 1960s witnessed the inception of a revolution with the help of technological innovation in the agriculture sector to make India self-dependent in food grains. It is now known as the Green Revolution.
Main Body
High yielding crops were produced with the help of hybrid seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and ad- vanced means of irrigation.
- This revolution resulted in both positive and negative consequences for Indian farmers.
The positive consequences are as follows:
- Change to class stratification from caste stratification
- Change in traditional power structure in rural areas
- Enhancement of democratic process.
- Increase in per capita income.
- Change in mentality of farmers.
- Initiation of Modernism and innovation in farmers.
- Improvement in housing, health and education.
- Reduction in poverty
- Political awareness among the farmers
But the revolution has also created some negative consequences which are as follows:
- Poorer economic condition of small and medium farmers
- Increase in income inequality in the society
- Rise in tension among farmers due to steep rise in input costs.
- Rise in suicidal tendency among farmers especially those who had switched over to cash crops and incurred debts.
- Increase in regional disparities.
- Rise in rural unemployment due to large scale mechanisation of agriculture.
- Only change in conditions of rich farmers
- Impact in health due to excessive use of pesticides and pollution of water.
- Economic crisis among the farmers
- Decline in social relations in the society
Changes brought around in the rural social structure:
- Rural society has been a traditional society with dominance of traditions and religious beliefs. Superstitions and regressive customs are entre-nched in society due to low levels of education. But the green revolution led to changes in attitude of the society which helped spread education.
- The Green revolution has reduced to some extent the feudalistic tendency in the society. But the bene- fit of the revolution did not percolate to all sections of the farmer community. Small and medium far-mers lagged behind the rich farmers. They got entra- pped by the moneylenders due to higher prices for high-yielding seeds, pesticides and fertilisers. This led to increased suicides among these sections.
- Power structure saw a change and farmers started making efforts in influencing policy making with increased awareness about their rights. But the spread of the revolution was limited to Punjab, Haryana, western UP and affected the social structure of these regions only. This led to increased regional disparities.
Conclusion
- In this way, the green revolution has had both positive and negative consequences. It tried to change the traditional agrarian society through development of scientific, modern and rational views.
